Part of a series on The Bible (see The Hebrew Bible below)
(see The New Testament below)
The word Bible refers to the canonical collections of sacred writings or books of Judaism and Christianity.
Reform Judaism and Reconstructionist Judaism generally adapt the textual critical approach in toto and regard the Torah as either inspired rather than revealed, or a human product rather than the product of an external God.

In 1943 pope Pius XII's encyclical Divino Afflante Spiritu gave the Vatican's imprimatur to textual criticism.














See Biblical exegesis



Hebrew Bible Tanakh Old Testament Writings Prophets Chapters and verses of the Bible Wycliffe Bible Translators Documentary hypothesis Similarities between the Bible and the Qur'an Differences between the Bible and the Qur'an Biblical inerrancy Criticism of the Bible Part of Category:Judaism
Part of a series on Christianity
1. Genesis, Ge—Bereshit (בראשית)
2. Exodus, Ex—Shemot (שמות)
3. Leviticus, Le—Vayikra (ויקרא)
4. Numbers, Nu—Bamidbar (במדבר)
5. Deuteronomy, Dt—Devarim (דברים)
6. Joshua, Js—Yehoshua (יהושע)
7. Judges, Jg—Shoftim (שופטים)
8. Samuel, includes First and Second, 1Sa–2Sa—Shemuel (שמואל)
9. Kings, includes First and Second, 1Ki–2Ki—Melakhim (מלכים)
10. Isaiah, Is—Yeshayahu (ישעיהו)
11. Jeremiah, Je—Yirmiyahu (ירמיהו)
12. Ezekiel, Ez—Yekhezkel (יחזקאל)
13. Twelve, includes all Minor Prophets—Tre Asar (תרי עשר)

• a. Hosea, Ho—Hoshea (הושע)
  b. Joel, Jl—Yoel (יואל)
  c. Amos, Am—Amos (עמוס)
  d. Obadiah, Ob—Ovadyah (עבדיה)
  e. Jonah, Jh—Yonah (יונה)
  f. Micah, Mi—Mikhah (מיכה)
  g. Nahum, Na—Nahum (נחום)
  h. Habakkuk, Hb—Havakuk (חבקוק)
  i. Zephaniah, Zp—Tsefanya (צפניה)
  j. Haggai, Hg—Khagay (חגי)
  k. Zechariah, Zc—Zekharyah (זכריה)
  l. Malachi, Ml—Malakhi (מלאכי)
  14. Psalms, Ps—Tehillim (תהלים)
  15. Proverbs, Pr—Mishlei (משלי)
  16. Job, Jb—Iyyov (איוב)
  17. Song of Songs, So—Shir ha-Shirim (שיר השירים)
  18. Ruth, Ru—Rut (רות)
  19. Lamentations, La—Eikhah (איכה), also called Kinot (קינות)
  20. Ecclesiastes, Ec—Kohelet (קהלת)
  21. Esther, Es—Ester (אסתר)
  22. Daniel, Dn—Daniel (דניאל)
  23. Ezra, Ea, includes Nehemiah, Ne—Ezra (עזרא), includes Nehemiah (נחמיה)
  24. Chronicles, includes First and Second, 1Ch–2Ch—Divrei ha-Yamim (דברי הימים), also called Divrei (דברי)
  Synoptic Gospels
  
  
  
  • Gospel According to Matthew, Mt
    Gospel According to Mark, Mk
    Gospel According to Luke, Lk
    Gospel According to John, Jn
    Acts of the Apostles, Ac (continues Luke)
    Epistle to the Romans, Ro
    First Epistle to the Corinthians, 1Co
    Second Epistle to the Corinthians, 2Co
    Epistle to the Galatians, Ga
    Epistle to the Ephesians, Ep
    Epistle to the Philippians, Pp
    Epistle to the Colossians, Cl
    First Epistle to the Thessalonians, 1Th
    Second Epistle to the Thessalonians, 2Th
    Pastoral Epistles
    
    
    
    • First Epistle to Timothy, 1Ti
      Second Epistle to Timothy, 2Ti
      Epistle to Titus, Tt
      Epistle to Philemon, Pm
      Epistle to the Hebrews, He
      Epistle of James, Jm
      First Epistle of Peter, 1Pe
      Second Epistle of Peter, 2Pe
      First Epistle of John, 1Jn
      Second Epistle of John, 2Jn
      Third Epistle of John, 3Jn
      Epistle of Jude, Jd
      Revelation, Re
      At some point in the past, humanity learned to depart from God's will and began to sin.
      Because no one is free from sin, people cannot deal with God directly, so God revealed Himself in ways people could understand.
      God called Abraham and his progeny to be the means for saving all of humanity.
      To this end, He gave the Law to Moses.
      The resulting nation of Israel went through cycles of sin and repentance, yet the prophets show an increasing understanding of the Law as a moral, not just a ceremonial, force.
      Jesus brought a perfect understanding of the Mosaic Law, that of love and salvation.
      By His death and resurrection, all who believe are saved and reconciled to God.
      The use of chapters and verses was not introduced until the Middle Ages and later. The system used in English was developed by Stephanus (Robert Estienne of Paris) (as noted below)
      Early manuscripts of the letters of Paul and other New Testament writings show no punctuation whatsoever. [1] The punctuation was added later by other editors, according to their own understanding of the text. (Punctuation can shape and change the meaning of a passage.)
      Orthodox (characterized by Eliezer Berkovitz and Norman Lamm): "Verbal Revelation: The Torah, including both the Written and Oral Traditions, consists of the exact words of God. He gave it all as one piece at Sinai."
      Conservative I (characterized by Isaac Lesser, Alexander Kohut, Abraham Joshua Heschel, and David Novak): "Continuous Revelation:God dictated His will at Sinai and other times. It was written down by human beings, however, and hence the diverse traditions in the Bible."
      Conservative II (characterized by Ben Zion Bokser, Robert Gordis, Max Routtenberg and Emil Fackenheim): "Continuous Revelation: Human beings wrote the Torah, but they were divinely inspired."
      Conservative III (characterized by Louis Jacobs, Seymour Seigel, Jacob Agus, David Lieber and Elliot Dorff): "Continuous Revelation: The Torah is the human record of the concounter between God and the People Israel at Sinai. Since it was written by human beings, it contains some laws and ideas which we find repugnant today."
      Conservative IV/Reconstructionist (characterized by Mordecai Kaplan, Ira Eisenstein and Harold Schulweis): "No Revelation: Human beings wrote the Torah. No claim for divinity of the product."
      Reform (characterized by the Movement's 1937 Guiding Principles): "Progressive revelation: The Torah is God's will written by human beings. As time goes on, we get to understand his will better and better (="progressive revelation").
      Bible chronology
      Bible citation
      Bible prophecy
      Bible translations
      Biblical canon
      Books of the Bible
      Lost books of the Old Testament
      Lost books of the New Testament
      New Testament view on Jesus' life
      Parsha
      Ritual Decalogue
      Study Bible
      Table of books of Judeo-Christian Scripture
      Ten Commandments
      Calvin's view of Scripture
      Jewish Biblical exegesis
      Islamic view of the Bible
      Similarities between the Bible and the Qur'an
      The Bible and history
      History of the English Bible
      English Translations of the Bible
      Bible Translations
      Biblical archaeology
      Dating the Bible
      Bible conspiracy theory
      Biblical literalism
      Biblical inerrancy
      Internal consistency and the Bible
      Bible scientific foreknowledge
      Criticism of the Bible
      Animals in the Bible
      Alcohol in the Bible
      Bibliolatry
      See Bible Society for a list.
      Hebrew-English Bible (JPS 1917 translation; includes Hebrew audio)
      XML Hebrew-English (KJV) Bible
      Old Testament in Hebrew
      See "External Links" under Septuagint and New Testament.
      Latin Vulgate—Latin Vulgate with parallel Douay-Rheims and King James English translations
      SacredBible.org—Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible
      Jerome's Latin Vulgate (405 A.D.)
      United Bible Societies
      AudioBible—Audio version of the King James Version.
      Complete MP3 Audio Bible—Downloadable KJV and WEB Audio Bibles
      Blue Letter Bible
      E-sword—Downloadable Bible in many different versions, for MS Windows.
      American Standard Version.
      English Standard Version from Good News/Crossway (the publisher).
      King James Version with dictionary.
      King James Version.
      The World English Bible Special html copy/paste version.
      New Living Translation
      New Revised Standard Version.
      New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures.
      World English Bible.
      LDS King James Version with online audio, extensive commentary and easy cross-references. Also available for free in print.
      King James Version built using AJAX technologies, with Strongs and Greek Morphological Codes by Robinson.
      King James Version PDF
      Douay-Rheims Bible—A nicely formatted and searchable Douay-Rheims Bible
      Portuguese various translations
      (Hungarian, other languages)
      The Bible by things
      The Hypertext Bible with side-by-side translations in English, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew at the Internet Sacred Text Archive
      Bible Gateway at GospelCom.net text search in any one of many translations/languages, or lookup complete passages in up to five different translations/languages at once. Select from among NIV, NASB, MSG, AMP, NLT, KJV, ESV, CEV, NKJV, ASV, NLV, NIrV and many others.
      Bible Read-Through—read through the Bible aid that has a standard one year read through as well as the ability to design your own read through.
      TheFreeBible.com provides free Bible software downloads
      Interlinear (word-by-word) translation of the Christian Bible from the original Hebrew and Koine Greek
      Over 40 versions of the Bible
      Eastern and Western Armenian Bible
      Online Bible (King James Version & Old Testament)
      Spanish Bible PDT version
      Complete Sayings of Christ (long download)
      Crosswalk.com Parallel Bible to see two versions side by side, any of NAS, ASV, ESV, NKJV, KJV, NLT, NRS, GNT, WEB, MSG, NIV, NIrV and many others.
      Blue Letter Bible provides resources on a verse by verse basis, such as commentaries, definitions, concordance with Hebrew/Greek, related information and parallel bible on the one selected verse in KJV, NKJV, NLT, NIV, ESV, NASB, RSV, ASV and others.
      American Bible Society to search NASB, KJV, CEV, ASV and others.
      University of Virginia Library for word proximity searches on the KJV bible.
      Many translations in English, verse by verse
      The Bible Collection Collection of Sacred Books for Different Religions
      Gender-neutral Bible translations.
      The Bible in a telephone, smartphone, communicator (MDA) or in PDA.
      Biblical sites in the Holy Land Holy Land Biblical sites review. BibleWalks.com
      Bible.com Portal
      Bible versions and commentary
      Bible Study Wiki
      BibleWiki
      Wikible
      A Hebrew and English encyclopedia of everybody in the Jewish Bible.
      Topical References, Bible Dictionaries and Encyclopedia
      Sermons for Today—Biblical exposition
      Anderson, Bernhard W. Understanding the Old Testament. ISBN 0-13-948399-3.
      Berlin, Adele, Marc Zvi Brettler and Michael Fishbane. The Jewish Study Bible. Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-19-529751-2.
      Asimov, Isaac. Asimov's Guide to the Bible. New York, NY: Avenel Books, 1981. ISBN 0-517-34582-X.
      Dever, William G. Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did they Come from? Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2003. ISBN 0-8028-0975-8.
      Ehrman, Bart D. Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why New York, NY: HarperSanFrancisco, 2005. ISBN 0-06-073817-0.
      Finkelstein, Israel and Silberman, Neil A. The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-684-86913-6.
      Geisler, Norman (editor). Inerrancy. Sponsored by the International Council on Biblical Inerrancy. Zondervan Publishing House, 1980, ISBN 0-310-39281-0.
      Head, Tom. The Absolute Beginner's Guide to the Bible. Indianapolis, IN: Que Publishing, 2005. ISBN 0-7897-3419-2.
      Hoffman, Joel M. In the Beginning. New York University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8147-3690-4.
      Lindsell, Harold. The Battle for the Bible. Zondervan Publishing House, 1978. ISBN 0-310-27681-0.
      Lienhard, Joseph T. The Bible, The Church, and Authority. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1995.
      Miller, John W. The Origins of the Bible: Rethinking Canon History Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1994. ISBN 0-8091-3522-1.
      Riches, John. The Bible: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-19-285343-0
      Taylor, Hawley O. "Mathematics and Prophecy." Modern Science and Christian Faith. Wheaton: Van Kampen, 1948, pp. 175–83.
      Wycliffe Bible Encyclopedia, s.vv. "Book of Ezekiel," p. 580 and "prophecy," p. 1410. Chicago: Moody Bible Press, 1986.